Waalan qarniga dheer ee kaarboonka ugu sarreeya iyo dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka, waddamada adduunka oo dhan ayaa si firfircoon u raadinaya jiilka soo socda ee tignoolajiyada tamarta, iyo cagaar.ammoniawaxa ay noqonaysaa diiradda dareenka caalamka dhawaanahan. Marka la barbardhigo hydrogen, ammonia waxay ka sii fidaysaa beerta bacriminta beeraha ee ugu dhaqameed ilaa beerta tamarta sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka muuqda ee kaydinta iyo gaadiidka.

Faria, oo ah khabiir ka tirsan jaamacadda Twente ee Nederland, ayaa sheegtay in kor u kaca ku yimid qiimaha kaarboonka, ammonia cagaaran laga yaabo inay noqoto boqorka mustaqbalka ee shidaalka dareeraha ah.

Haddaba, waa maxay dhab ahaan ammonia cagaaran? Waa sidee heerka horumarkeeda? Waa maxay xaaladaha codsiga? Ma dhaqaale baa?

Ammonia cagaaran iyo heerka korriinteeda

Hydrogen waa alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weynammoniawax soo saarka. Sidaa darteed, marka loo eego qiiqa kaarboonka ee kala duwan ee habka wax soo saarka hydrogen, ammonia sidoo kale waxaa loo kala saari karaa afarta qaybood ee soo socota midab ahaan:

Cawlanammonia: Waxa laga sameeyay tamarta dabiiciga ah (gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo dhuxusha).

Ammonia buluuga ah: Haydarojiin ceeriin ah ayaa laga soo saaraa shidaal fosil ah, laakiin qabashada kaarboonka iyo tignoolajiyada kaydinta ayaa loo isticmaalaa habka sifaynta.

Ammonia buluug-cagaaran: Habka methane pyrolysis wuxuu u kala googooyaa methane oo noqda hydrogen iyo kaarboon. Haydaroojiinka lagu soo kabsaday habka waxa loo isticmaalaa walxo ceeriin ah si loo soo saaro ammonia iyadoo la isticmaalayo koronto cagaaran.

Ammonia cagaaran: Korontada cagaaran ee laga dhaliyo tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo electrolyze biyaha si ay u soo saaraan hydrogen, ka dibna ammonia waxaa laga sameeyaa nitrogen iyo hydrogen hawada.

Sababtoo ah ammonia cagaaran waxay soo saartaa nitrogen iyo biyo ka dib gubashada, oo aan soo saarin kaarboon dioxide, ammonia cagaaran waxaa loo tixgeliyaa shidaal "eber-kaarboon" iyo mid ka mid ah ilaha tamarta nadiifka ah ee muhiimka ah mustaqbalka.

Cagaarka caalamiga ahammoniasuuqa weli waa curdin. Marka loo eego dhinaca caalamiga ah, cabbirka suuqa ammonia cagaaran wuxuu ku saabsan yahay US $ 36 milyan sanadka 2021 waxaana la filayaa inuu gaaro US $ 5.48 bilyan sanadka 2030, iyadoo celcelis ahaan kobaca isku dhafka sanadlaha ah ee 74.8%, kaasoo leh awood la taaban karo. Yundao Capital ayaa saadaalisay in wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee ammonia cagaaran uu ka badan doono 20 milyan oo tan sanadka 2030 kana uu ka badan doono 560 milyan oo tan sanadka 2050, taasoo ka dhigan in ka badan 80% wax soo saarka ammonia-ga caalamka.

Laga bilaabo Sebtembar 2023, in ka badan 60 mashruuc oo ammonia cagaaran ah ayaa la geeyay adduunka oo dhan, iyada oo wadarta awoodda wax-soo-saarka la qorsheeyay in ka badan 35 milyan oo tan/sanadkii. Mashaariicda ammonia cagaaran ee dibadda waxaa inta badan lagu qaybiyaa Australia, Koonfurta Ameerika, Yurub iyo Bariga Dhexe.

Laga soo bilaabo 2024, warshadaha ammonia cagaaran ee gudaha Shiinaha ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaray. Marka loo eego tirakoobka aan dhamaystirnayn, laga soo bilaabo 2024, in ka badan 20 mashruuc oo ammonia cagaaran ah ayaa la dalacsiiyay. Envision Technology Group, China Energy Construction Corporation, State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group, iwm waxay ku maalgaliyeen ku dhawaad ​​200 bilyan yuan horumarinta mashaariicda ammonia cagaaran, kaas oo sii deyn doona xaddi badan oo ah awoodda wax soo saarka ammonia cagaaran mustaqbalka.

Xaaladaha codsiga ee ammonia cagaaran

Tamar nadiif ah, ammonia cagaaran waxay leedahay xaalado kala duwan oo codsi mustaqbalka ah. Marka laga soo tago isticmaalka dhaqameed ee beeraha iyo warshadaha, waxa kale oo ay inta badan ka mid tahay isku dhafka tamarta, shidaalka rarida, hagaajinta kaarboonka, kaydinta hydrogen iyo meelo kale.

1. Warshadaha maraakiibta

Kaarboon laba ogsaydh-siidh ee ka yimaada dhoofinta ayaa xisaabiya 3% ilaa 4% qiiqa kaarboon laba ogsaydh ee caalamiga ah. 2018, Ururka Badaha Caalamiga ah ayaa qaatay istaraatijiyad horudhac ah oo loogu talagalay dhimista gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, soo jeedinta in 2030, maraakiibta caalamiga ah ee qiiqa kaarboon la dhimi doono ugu yaraan 40% marka la barbardhigo 2008, oo ay ku dadaalaan in la yareeyo 70% by 2050.

Waxaa guud ahaan la aaminsan yahay in warshadaha maraakiibta in ammonia cagaaran ay tahay mid ka mid ah shidaalka ugu muhiimsan ee decarbonization ee warshadaha maraakiibta mustaqbalka.

Diiwaanka Lloyd ee maraakiibta mar saadaaliyay in inta u dhaxaysa 2030 iyo 2050, saamiga ammonia sida shiidaalka rarida uu kordho 7% ilaa 20%, bedelaya gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dareeraha ah iyo shidaalka kale si ay u noqdaan shidaalka ugu muhiimsan ee maraakiibta.

2. Warshadaha korontada

AmmoniaGubashada ma soo saarto CO2, gubashada isku dhafan ee ammonia waxay isticmaali kartaa tas-hiilaadka warshadda tamarta dhuxusha iyada oo aan wax badan laga beddelin jirka kuleyliyaha. Waa qiyaas wax ku ool ah oo lagu yareeynayo qiiqa kaarboon laba ogsaydh ee warshadaha tamarta dhuxusha.

Bishii Luulyo 15, Komishanka Horumarinta iyo Dib-u-habeynta Qaranka iyo Maamulka Tamarta Qaranka ayaa soo saaray "Qorshaha Waxqabadka ee Isbeddelka Kaarboon-hooseeya iyo Dhismaha Awoodda Dhuxusha (2024-2027)", kaas oo soo jeediyay in isbeddelka iyo dhismaha ka dib, qaybaha tamarta dhuxusha ay awood u yeeshaan inay isku daraan in ka badan 10% ammonia cagaaran iyo gubasho dhuxusha. Isticmaalka iyo heerarka qiiqa kaarboonka si weyn ayaa loo dhimay. Waxaa la arki karaa in isku dhafka ammonia ama ammonia saafi ah ee unugyada tamarta kulaylka ay tahay jihada farsamo ee muhiimka ah ee dhimista qiiqa kaarboonka ee beerta tamarta.

Japan waa dhiirigeliyaha ugu weyn ee soo saarista tamarta dabka ee isku darka ammonia. Japan waxay dejisay "2021-2050 Japan Ammonia Fuel Roadmap" ee 2021, waxayna dhamaystiri doontaa muujinta iyo xaqiijinta 20% isku darka shidaalka ammonia ee dhirta tamarta kulaylka 2025; marka tignoolajiyada isku darka ammonia ay qaan gaadho, saamigani wuxuu kordhin doonaa in ka badan 50%; Ilaa 2040, warshad tamarta ammonia saafi ah ayaa la dhisi doonaa.

3. sidaha kaydinta Hydrogen

Ammonia waxa loo istcimaalaa sida xambaara kaydinta haydaroojiin, waxayna u baahantahay in ay marto hababka isku dhafka ammonia, dareeraha, gaadiidka, iyo dib u soo saarista hydrogen gaseous. Dhammaan habka beddelka ammonia-hydrogen waa qaan.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira lix siyaabood oo waaweyn oo kaydinta hydrogen iyo gaadiidka: kaydinta iyo gaadiidka dhululubada cadaadis-sare, gaadiidka gaseous dhuumaha gaadiidka cadaadis, kaydinta hydrogen dareere heerkulka hoose iyo gaadiidka, kaydinta organic dareere ah iyo gaadiidka, dareere ammonia kaydinta iyo gaadiidka, iyo biraha adag kaydinta hydrogen iyo gaadiidka. Waxaa ka mid ah, kaydinta dareeraha ammonia iyo gaadiidka waa in laga soo saaro hydrogen iyada oo loo marayo isku-dhafka ammonia, dareeraha, gaadiidka, iyo dib-u-gaaska. Ammonia waxaa lagu shubaa -33°C ama 1MPa. Qiimaha hydrogenation/dehydrogenation ayaa ka badan 85%. Ma aha mid xasaasi u ah masaafada gaadiidka waxayna ku habboon tahay kaydinta dhexe iyo fogaanta fog iyo gaadiidka badan ee hydrogen, gaar ahaan gaadiidka badda. Waa mid ka mid ah hababka ugu rajada badan ee kaydinta hydrogen iyo gaadiidka mustaqbalka.

4. Kiimikada ceeriin

Sida bacriminta nitrogen cagaaran ee suurtagalka ah iyo alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn ee kiimikooyinka cagaaran, cagaarammoniawaxay si xoog leh kor ugu qaadi doontaa horumarka degdega ah ee "ammonia cagaaran + bacriminta cagaaran" iyo "calaamadaha ammonia cagaaran" silsiladaha warshadaha.

Marka la barbar dhigo ammonia synthetic oo laga sameeyay tamarta fosil, waxaa la filayaa in ammonia cagaaran aysan awoodi doonin inay sameyso tartan wax ku ool ah sida walxo ceeriin kiimiko ah ka hor 2035.