2018, suuqa gaaska elektiroonigga ah ee caalamiga ah ee wareegyada isku dhafan ayaa gaadhay US $ 4.512 bilyan, koror sannad-sannadka ah 16%. Heerka kobaca sare ee warshadaha gaaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah ee semiconductors iyo cabbirka suuqa weyn ayaa dardar geliyay qorshaha beddelka gudaha ee gaasta gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah!
Waa maxay gaaska elektarooniga ah?
Gaaska elektaroonigga ah waxaa loola jeedaa alaabta aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo soo saarista semiconductors, bandhigyada flat panels, diodes iftiimiya, unugyada qoraxda iyo alaabta kale ee elektiroonigga ah, waxaana si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa nadiifinta, etching, sameynta filimada, doping iyo hababka kale. Meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee laga isticmaalo gaaska elektaroonigga ah waxaa ka mid ah warshadaha elektiroonigga ah, unugyada cadceedda, isgaarsiinta mobilada, socodka baabuurta iyo nidaamka maqalka iyo muuqaalka, hawada hawada, warshadaha militariga iyo qaybo kale oo badan.
Gaaska gaarka ah ee elegtarooniga ah waxa loo qaybin karaa todoba qaybood iyadoo loo eegayo ka kooban kiimikaad u gaar ah: Silicon, arsenic, fosfooraska, boron, birta hydride, halide iyo birta alkoxide. Marka loo eego hababka kala duwan ee codsiga ee wareegyada isku dhafan, waxaa loo qaybin karaa gaaska doping, gaaska epitaxy, gaaska implantation ion, gaaska diode-ka iftiinka-baxa, gaaska etching, gaasta uumiga kiimikada iyo gaasta dheelitirka. Waxaa jira in ka badan 110 gaas gaar ah oo loo isticmaalo warshadaha semiconductor, kuwaas oo in ka badan 30 ka mid ah inta badan la isticmaalo.
Guud ahaan, warshadaha wax soo saarka semiconductor waxay u kala qaybiyaan gaasaska laba nooc: gaas caadi ah iyo gaas gaar ah. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaaska caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa loola jeedaa sahayda dhexe oo isticmaala gaas badan, sida N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, iwm. Gaaska gaarka ah waxaa loola jeedaa qaar ka mid ah gaaska kiimikada loo isticmaalo habka wax soo saarka semiconductor, sida. kordhinta, irbada ion, isku darka, dhaqidda, iyo samaynta maaskaro, taas oo ah waxa aan hadda ugu yeerno gaaska khaaska ah ee elektiroonigga ah, sida nadiifnimada sare ee SiH4, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, iwm.
Geedi socodka wax soo saarka oo dhan ee warshadaha semiconductor, laga bilaabo kobaca chip ilaa baakadaha qalabka ugu dambeeya, ku dhawaad isku xidhka kastaa waa mid aan kala sooc lahayn gaaska khaaska ah ee elektiroonigga ah, iyo gaaska kala duwan ee loo isticmaalo iyo shuruudaha tayada sare leh, sidaas darteed gaaska elektiroonigga ah wuxuu leeyahay qalab semiconductor ah. "Cuntada".
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, qaybaha waaweyn ee elektiroonigga ah ee Shiinaha sida semiconductors iyo muraayadaha bandhiga ayaa kor u kacay awoodda wax soo saarka cusub, waxaana jirta baahi xooggan oo loo qabo beddelka alaabta kiimikada elektaroonigga ah. Booska gaaska elektaroonigga ah ee warshadaha semiconductor ayaa noqday mid caan ah. Warshadaha gaaska elektaroonigga ah ee gudaha ayaa keeni doona korriin degdeg ah.
Gaaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo aad u sarreeya oo nadiif ah, sababtoo ah haddii nadiifnimadu aysan ahayn shuruudaha, kooxaha wasakhda ah sida uumiga biyaha iyo oksijiinta ee gaaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah ayaa si fudud u samayn doona filim oksijiin ah oogada sare ee semiconductor, taas oo saameynaysa nolosha adeegga aaladaha elektiroonigga ah, iyo gaaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah waxaa ku jira Qaybaha wasakhda ah waxay sababi karaan wareegyada gaaban ee semiconductor iyo dhaawaca wareegga. Waxa la odhan karaa hagaajinta daahirnimadu waxa ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa wax-soo-saarka iyo waxqabadka wax-soo-saarka aaladaha elegtarooniga ah.
Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee warshadaha semiconductor, geeddi-socodka wax-soo-saarka chip-ku wuxuu sii wadaa inuu hagaajiyo, oo hadda wuxuu gaadhay 5nm, kaas oo ku dhow inuu soo dhawaado xadka Sharciga Moore, oo u dhiganta hal-20th dhexroorka timaha bini'aadamka ( qiyaastii 0.1 mm). Sidaa darteed, tani waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigtay shuruudo sare oo ku saabsan nadiifinta gaaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah ee ay soo saaraan semiconductors.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-15-2021
