Habka wax-soo-saarka ee aasaaska wafer-ka yar-yar ee leh habab-soo-saar heer sare ah, ku dhawaad 50 nooc oo gaas ah ayaa loo baahan yahay. Gaasaska guud ahaan waxa loo qaybiyaa gaas badan iyogaas gaar ah.
Codsiga gaasaska ee warshadaha microelectronics iyo semiconductor Isticmaalka gaasaska ayaa had iyo jeer door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray geedi socodka semiconductor, gaar ahaan hababka semiconductor ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha kala duwan. Laga soo bilaabo ULSI, TFT-LCD ilaa warshadaha micro-electromechanical (MEMS), hababka semiconductor waxaa loo isticmaalaa hababka wax soo saarka wax soo saarka, oo ay ku jiraan etching qalalan, oksidation, implantation ion, dhigista filimka khafiifka ah, iwm.
Tusaale ahaan, dad badan ayaa og in jajabku ka samaysan yahay ciid, laakiin marka la eego dhammaan habka wax soo saarka chips, waxaa loo baahan yahay qalab badan, sida sawir-qaadista, dareeraha polishing, walxaha bartilmaameedka, gaasta gaarka ah, iwm. waa lama huraan. Baakadaha dhamaadka-dhamaadka waxa kale oo ay u baahan tahay substrates, interposers, frames lead, alaabta isku xidhka, iwm. ee agabyo kala duwan. Gaasaska gaarka ah ee elegtarooniga ah ayaa ah sheyga labaad ee ugu weyn kharashka wax soo saarka semiconductor ka dib maraqa silikoon, oo ay ku xigto waji-xidhka iyo sawir-qaadista.
Nadiifadda gaasku waxay saameyn go'aan ku leedahay waxqabadka qaybta iyo wax-soo-saarka, iyo badbaadada sahayda gaaska waxay la xiriirtaa caafimaadka shaqaalaha iyo badbaadada shaqada warshadda. Waa maxay sababta nadiifinta gaasku ay saameyn weyn ugu leedahay khadka habka iyo shaqaalaha? Tani ma aha buunbuunin, laakiin waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa sifooyinka khatarta ah ee gaaska laftiisa.
Kala soocida gaasaska caadiga ah ee warshadaha semiconductor
Gaaska caadiga ah
Gaaska caadiga ah waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa gaaska bulk: waxa loola jeedaa gaaska warshadaha oo leh shuruud nadiif ah oo ka hooseeya 5N iyo wax soo saarka iyo iibka weyn. Waxaa loo qaybin karaa gaaska kala soocida hawada iyo gaasta synthetic iyadoo loo eegayo hababka diyaarinta ee kala duwan. Hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), ogsijiin (O2), argon (A2), iwm;
Gaaska Takhasuska leh
Gaaska gaarka ah waxaa loola jeedaa gaaska warshadaha ee loo isticmaalo meelo gaar ah oo leh shuruudo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay nadiifinta, kala duwanaanta, iyo guryaha. Inta badanSiH4, PH3, B2H6, A8H3,HCL, CF4,NH3, POCL3, SIH2CL2, SIHCL3,NH3, BCL3, SIF4, CLF3, CO, C2F6, N2O, F2, HF, HBR,SF6… iyo wixii la mid ah.
Noocyada gaasaska xawaashka ah
Noocyada gaasaska gaarka ah: daxalka, sunta, ololi kara, gubashada-taageeraysa, inert, iwm.
Gaasaska semiconductor ee inta badan la isticmaalo waxaa loo kala saaraa sida soo socota:
(i) Wax daxalaysa/ sun ah:HClBF3, WF6, HBr, SiH2Cl2, NH3, PH3, Cl2,BCl3…
(ii) Dab kara: H2,CH4,SiH4PH3,AsH3,SiH2Cl2,B2H6,CH2F2,CH3F,CO...
(iii) Gubaya: O2, Cl2, N2O, NF3…
(iv) Inert: N2,CF4C2F6,C4F8,SF6CO2,Ne,KrIsagu…
Habka wax-soo-saarka chip semiconductor, qiyaastii 50 nooc oo ah gaas gaar ah (oo loo yaqaan gaas gaar ah) ayaa loo isticmaalaa oksaydheynta, faafinta, dhigaalka, etching, duritaanka, sawir-qaadista iyo hababka kale, iyo wadarta guud ee tillaabooyinka geeddi-socodka ayaa ka badan boqollaal. Tusaale ahaan, PH3 iyo AsH3 waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida fosfooraska iyo ilaha arsenic ee habka tallaalka ion, gaaska F-ku salaysan CF4, CHF3, SF6 iyo gaaska halogen CI2, BCI3, HBr ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa habka etching, SiH4, NH3, N2O in habka filimka dhigista, F2/Kr/Ne, Kr/Ne ee habka sawir-qaadista.
Marka laga eego dhinacyada kor ku xusan, waxaan fahmi karnaa in gaasaska semiconductor badan ay waxyeello u geystaan jidhka bini'aadamka. Gaar ahaan, qaar ka mid ah gaasaska, sida SiH4, ayaa iskood isu shida. Ilaa iyo inta ay daadanayaan, waxay si ba'an uga falcelinayaan oksijiinta hawada waxayna bilaabayaan inay gubaan; iyo AsH3 aad bay sun u tahay. Wax yar oo dareere ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay waxyeelo u geysato nolosha dadka, sidaa darteed shuruudaha badbaadada nidaamka xakamaynta ee isticmaalka gaasaska gaarka ah ayaa si gaar ah u sarreeya.
Semiconductors waxay u baahan yihiin gaas saafi ah si ay u yeeshaan "saddex darajo"
Nadiifnimada gaaska
Waxa ku jira jawiga wasakhaysan ee gaasta waxa sida caadiga ah lagu muujiyaa boqolkiiba saafiga gaasta, sida 99.9999%. Guud ahaan, shuruudaha daahirsanaanta ee gaasaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah ayaa gaaraya 5N-6N, waxaana sidoo kale lagu muujiyey saamiga mugga jawiga wasakhaysan ee ppm (qayb halkii milyan), ppb (qayb halkii bilyan), iyo ppt (qayb trillion). Goobta semiconductor-ka elektiroonigga ah waxay leedahay shuruudaha ugu sarreeya ee nadiifnimada iyo xasilloonida tayada gaasaska gaarka ah, iyo nadiifinta gaasaska gaarka ah ee elektiroonigga ah ayaa guud ahaan ka weyn 6N.
Qalalan
Waxa ku jira raadka biyaha gaaska, ama qoyaanka, sida caadiga ah waxaa lagu muujiyaa barta sayaxa, sida barta atmospheric -70℃.
Nadaafadda
Tirada walxaha wasakhaysan ee ku jira gaaska, qaybo leh cabbirka qayb ee µm, ayaa lagu muujiyay inta qayb/M3. Hawo ciriiri ah, waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa mg/m3 haraaga adag ee aan laga fursan karin, oo ay ku jiraan waxyaabaha saliidda ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-06-2024